![Factors affecting enzyme activity wiki](https://kumkoniak.com/86.jpg)
Acidosis and alkalosis may be caused either due to imbalance of acid-base secretion by the kidneys or altered levels of CO2 in the blood due to breathing disorders.General information Biomedicine ProgrammeīIMM22 Molecular and Experimental NeurobiologyīIMM01 Experimentell design and scientific communi.īIMM02 Biomedical methods and experimental animal. In acidosis, the blood pH is low or there is too much acid in the blood, while in alkalosis, the blood pH is high or there is too much base in the blood. The abnormalities in acid-base balance are of two types: acidosis and alkalosis. Thus, strong acids can be removed by reacting with basic salts of phosphoric acid or by addition of base (NH3) to urine. One limitation of renal regulation is that the pH of urine cannot be below 4.4. Although this process is slow but it can prove an effective mode to regulate pH. If the acidity of the fluids is high, kidney secretes H+ ions, while if the carbonate ion levels are high it retains H+ ions and secretes HCO3 ions. The changes in pH induced by the respiratory system are in minutes, while the changes induced by the renal system are in the order of days. The renal system regulates the pH of extracellular fluid.
![factors affecting enzyme activity wiki factors affecting enzyme activity wiki](https://image3.slideserve.com/7073032/learning-objectives-l.jpg)
Thus, respiration provides an important control to regulate the pH levels. However, low breathing rate could also lead to low oxygen levels which could be detrimental. On the other hand during alkalosis or increased pH, the breathing may get slow in order to increase the CO2 levels and reduce the alkalinity. That is the reason when we hold the breath for long durations, the CO2 levels increase in the blood lowering our pH leading to fainting.
![factors affecting enzyme activity wiki factors affecting enzyme activity wiki](https://image3.slideserve.com/5730942/slide1-l.jpg)
Thus, presence of more CO2 makes the blood more acidic. However, CO2 dissociates into carbonic acid in the tissues. The pH of blood during normal conditions is 7.4. Buffers may help in regulating pH during minor physiological changes, such as during breath holding (which increases the CO2 in the blood), exercise (which increases lactic acid in the blood), or when gastric acid is secreted. Similarly phosphate buffers also help in moderating the levels of pH. These proteins can act as H+ acceptors or donors because of the presence of basic or acidic groups. Proteins form a part of the buffer system to regulate the pH levels. PH Level of the Mouth & Body Play Buffer Systems
![Factors affecting enzyme activity wiki](https://kumkoniak.com/86.jpg)